Language Practice
Present perfect with for and since, school subjects, and quick links to the separate listening and functions pages.
for = a period of time
for two months · for an hour · for many years
since = a starting point
since September · since 2014 · since I phoned you
Present Perfect With for And since
观察问题：for 和 since 后面接的内容有什么不同？
现在完成时
表示从过去到现在有联系的状态或经历。
have / has + past participle
表示“持续了多久”，后面接一段时间。
表示“从某个起点开始”，后面可以接时间词，也可以接过去发生的事情。
since 看起点，for 看整段时间
情境：I started playing the piano when I was five. Now I still play the piano.
从我五岁开始，指起点。
持续很多年，指从起点到现在的整段时间。
I started playing the piano when I was five.
I have played the piano since I was five.
I have played the piano for many years.
有些动词是短动作。如果想说“持续了多久”，常常要换成状态表达。
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences below with for and since. Then complete the rules.
1 Aron has lived in Out Skerries he was born.
2 Aron has been the only boy at his school two months.
RULE: In the present perfect, we use to talk about a period of time.
We use to refer to the point in time when an action started.
Exercise 3
When do we use for and when do we use since? Complete the chart.
操作：先点一个时间表达，再点 for 或 since 的盒子。最后点击“检查答案”。
Exercise 4
Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect form of the verbs and for or since.
1 I at my new school last December. (be)
2 Fatima Michael several weeks. (not see)
3 They us an email three months. (not write)
4 I this camera I was ten. (have)
Exercise 5
Write sentences using the present perfect with for or since and the words in brackets.
1 They are at the youth club. (three hours)
2 Joanne and I are good friends. (primary school)
3 She plays in the volleyball team. (two months)
4 I ought to see a doctor. I’m sick. (a week)
5 I don’t hear a lot from Silvia. (last October)
School Subjects
Exercise 6
Match the school subjects in the list with the photos. Write 1–12 in the boxes. Then listen and check.
A-L 答案
这些学科和中文直觉不完全一样
不是只表示“体育课”这个中文词本身。PE 的全称是 Physical Education，重点是身体活动、运动技能和健康习惯。
PE = Physical Education不是普通“电脑课”那么简单。ICT 是 Information and Communication Technology，重点是用技术处理信息、沟通和完成任务。
ICT = Information and Communication Technology不是单纯画画，也不是普通手工。它更像“设计一个东西，并想办法做出来”，会用到材料、工具、结构和解决问题。
Design and Technology = design + make + solve problems不只是“表演”。Drama 还练习声音、动作、表达、合作和想象力。
Drama = acting + speaking + teamworkExercise 7
SPEAKING Answer the questions. Take notes. Then compare your answers with a partner.
1 Which are your favourite subjects? Which don’t you like? Why?
先选一个喜欢的学科，再说一个原因。然后选一个不太喜欢的学科，再说原因。
My favourite subject is ...
I like ... because ...
I don’t really like ... because ...
原因词块2 Which of the subjects are you studying this year?
先从今天的学科词里选出你今年正在学的科目。可以说 3-5 个，不用全说。
This year, I’m studying ...
I have ... lessons every week.
I don’t study ... this year.
3 How long have you studied each subject for?
这里要用今天语法里的 for / since。先决定你想说“多久了”还是“从什么时候开始”。
I have studied ... for ...
I have studied ... since ...
时间词块